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Two nutrient sensing pathways the cAMP protein kinase A
2020-10-10
Two nutrient-sensing pathways, the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) pathway, are implicated in Msn2/4 regulation. Under non-stress conditions, Msn2 localizes in the cytoplasm and is inactivated by both PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the nuclear loca
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br Materials and methods br Results
2020-10-10
Materials and methods Results Recently, a quantitative proteomic analysis of C2C12 mouse myoblasts cell line totally deprived of protein kinase CK2 catalytic subunits (CK2α/CK2α′(−/−)), suggested that the cellular expression of HSP27, a chaperone with multiple functions related to proteostasis
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Analysis of DNA fragmentation We followed a modified
2020-10-10
Analysis of DNA fragmentation. We followed a modified Hirt extraction procedure for analysis of DNA fragmentation. Cells were suspended in TNE buffer (1M NaCl, 20mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.4, 2mM EDTA, and 0.6% SDS) at a density of 106 cells/ml and incubated overnight on ice. The next day, cellular debris wa
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br Introduction Fibroblast growth factors
2020-10-09
Introduction Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a family of 18 secreted ligands that bind to four receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) FGF receptors (FGFR1–4). The interaction of FGFs with their cognate receptors results in the activation of a number of downstream signaling pathways, including the MAP
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Prostaglandins PGs in particular PGE and PGF play
2020-10-09
Prostaglandins (PGs), in particular PGE2 and PGF2α, play pivotal roles in human parturition by stimulating cervical ripening, myometrial contraction and fetal membrane rupture (Challis et al., 1997). In human pregnancy, the amnion is the principle source of PGE2 (Duchesne et al., 1978). In the amnio
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br Cytochrome P monooxygenases Cytochrome P monooxygenases
2020-10-09
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) belong to one of Nature’s most versatile group of enzymes for C–H functionalization and are able to perform challenging regioselective and stereoselective activations of remote, unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds, for which there are o
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Introduction With an annual world production
2020-10-09
Introduction With an annual world production of around 750 million tons, wheat is grown on more agricultural area than any other food crop and is the main source of plant protein in human nutrition [1,2]. Wheat is composed of 8–15% protein, from which 85–90% is gluten [3]. The unique viscoelastic a
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Emphysema is an important component of COPD
2020-10-09
Emphysema is an important component of COPD, which is responsible for airflow limitation. In the present study, a significant airspace enlargement was observed 21 days after elastase administration. Interestingly, daily administration of olaparib provided greater protection against emphysema as comp
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br Materials and methods br Results and discussion br
2020-10-09
Materials and methods Results and discussion Summary Acknowledgments We thank Muhammad Anwar for animal rearing and surgery. We also thank Michael M. Myers for editing. Finally, we thank David Hirschberg for his technical advice. Funding for this project was provided by the Einhorn Famil
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Besides EGFR other tyrosine kinase receptors are currently
2020-10-09
Besides EGFR, other tyrosine kinase receptors are currently gaining attention as potential therapeutic targets. Included among these is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, which is involved in the progression of a variety of cancers.7, 8, 9, 10, 11 In lung cancer, fibroblast growth
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Introduction Infection of cells by microorganisms activates
2020-10-09
Introduction Infection of Schisandrol B by microorganisms activates the inflammatory response. The initial sensing of infection is mediated by innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)including Toll-like receptors(TLRs) (Kawai and Akira, 2010; O’Neill et al., 2013).Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is
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The potential off target activity of against other ATP
2020-10-09
The potential off-target activity of against other ATP-dependent enzymes, such as kinases, was also investigated. Encouragingly, there was no significant inhibition of ATP binding to 97 human kinases, when was evaluated at 10μM within a DiscoveRx scanEDGE® kinome screen (, ). All together, these dat
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br Deubiquitination deubiquitinases and cancer Protein deubi
2020-10-09
Deubiquitination, deubiquitinases and cancer Protein deubiquitination is reverse process of ubiquitination and performed by deubiquitinases or deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which help in removal of ubiquitin from target proteins and involve in ubiquitin maturation, recycling and editing (Pfoh
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The mesolimbic dopamine system is believed to be highly
2020-10-09
The mesolimbic dopamine system is believed to be highly important for evaluating environmental stimuli in order to generate an adaptive behavioral response. Thus, not surprisingly these functions appear to have been highly conserved across the vertebrate subphylum. Even though teleost fish lack midb
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The acids applied in this study are commonly
2020-10-09
The acids applied in this study are commonly used in dental practice. Phosphoric Chk1 and MK2 Inhibitors set australia is an oxyacid used regularly for adhesion of resin composites. Enamel phosphoric acid etching can dissolve and demineralize the inorganic [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] matrix, creating micro po
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