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  • The study contributes to define the strategies to reach

    2018-10-23

    The study contributes to define the strategies to reach high performance order ARQ 621 buildings for Mediterranean climate according with the national requirements. The reduction of CO2 gas emissions, primary energy consumptions and costs have been obtained for several solutions compared to the reference building.
    Author contributions
    Acknowledgments
    Specifications table
    Value of the data
    Data, experimental design, materials and methods Experimental details are described in reference [1]. The data presented here are for a vertical rod array geometry of 2 rods positioned in a planar linear array positioned parallel to a flat collector and backed by a secondary electrode. The rods were 50cm long, spaced 6cm apart, and the secondary electrode was 6cm behind the plane of the rods. The secondary electrode had wings on each end also spaced 6cm from the nearest rod. The geometry of the setup is shown in Fig. 1. A 6wt% solution of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Aldrich, MW: 1,300,000) was prepared by dissolving PVP in ethanol (AAPER alcohol, 200 proof). It was used for fabrication of submicron-sized PVP fibers by a linear array of 2 vertical rods electrospinning setup. Secondary electrodes were positioned on one side of the linear array rods to direct the jets toward a planar collector surface (1680cm2). In this data, the effect of applied voltage and gap distance between vertical rod and planar collector was investigated to compare the fiber morphology, diameter and production rate. Applied voltages are typically in the 10–50kV range for electrospinning. In trial experiments it was determined that adequate electrospinning occurred with voltages above about 25kV hence the experiments here considered 30, 40 and 50kV. Also, typical gap distances range from 10 to about 30cm in literature. We chose to conduct experiments at three distances starting at 15cm and increasing to about 35cm. Fig. 2(A)–(C) shows the electrospun fibers with variation of the applied voltages at 30kV (A), 40kV (B), 50kV (C) and a 15.2cm gap distance. The morphologies of the fibers were continuous and without beads. The diameter distributions were in the similar size range of 200–800nm with 381nm (30kV), 373nm (40kV), 357nm (50kV) of average diameter. Furthermore, the production rate gradually increased with increase of the applied voltage. These results are in good agreement with literature where high voltages and high electric field strengths are associated with higher productivity [2–5]. To prove the statistical significance and cause and effect between applied voltage and size distribution of fibers, a one-way ANOVA analysis was performed on the data. With regard to our test, the applied voltage was the regressor variable X and fiber size distribution is the response variable Y with an assumed linear relationship Y=β1X. As the result, the P-value of hypothesis was computed as 0.045 which is less than the selected α=0.05, which rejects the null hypothesis that H: β1=0 in terms of the linear relationship and therefore validates that the applied voltage for electrospinning had a significant impact on the fiber size distribution. Fig. 2(D)–(F) shows the fiber diameter distributions with respect to changes of gap distance 15.2cm (D), 25.4cm (E), and 35.6cm (F) with a fixed voltage of 50kV. It is observed that the gap distance directly affected the average fiber size. With increasing the collecting distance from the vertical rods, the fiber size decreased to 342nm due to increased time and distance for the jet to stretch in flight to the collector. Fig. 3 shows the effects of applied voltage and gap distance on the production rate of fibers. As the applied voltage increased the production rate increased almost proportionately (Fig. 3(A)). Production rate was high for the smallest gap distance of 15.2cm. Production rates dropped significantly for the 25.4 and 35.6cm gaps (Fig. 3(B)) This is in good agreement with literature [6–9].