• br Methods br Transparency document br Introduction

  2025-03-01

  

  Methods Transparency document Introduction Epinephrine (EP) is a critical hormone and catecholamine neurotransmitter in nervous system of mammals.1, 2, 3 It has been known to accelerate and regulate heartbeat, blood pressure, bronchodilation, mydriasis, blood sugar and lipolysis, and can he

• Introduction Microdialysis is an in vivo technique

  2025-03-01

  

  Introduction Microdialysis is an in vivo-technique which allows continuous sampling of small molecular weight substances (such as neurotransmitters, metabolites and neuropeptides) from the extracellular space of different tissues or organs, e.g. brain, muscle or skin. While the implantation of the

• CGS 21680 Citral or dimethyl octadien al is a mixture

  2025-02-28

  

  Citral or 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al is a mixture of two stereoisomeric monoterpene aldehydes (the trans isomer geranial, citral A (40–62%)) and the cis isomer neral, citral B (25–38%) and serves one of the main constituent of essential oils of C. citratusis used in cosmetic, food, fungicides, p

• br Materials and methods br Results A first series of

  2025-02-28

  

  Materials and methods Results A first series of experiments explored whether the Ampkα1 isoform is involved in the regulation of cardiac Pkcζ. To this end, HL-1 cardiomyocytes were transfected with a construct encoding constitutively active Prkaa1T183D (CAα1) or with the empty vector as contro

• The first evidence in supporting the

  2025-02-28

  

  The first evidence in supporting the hypothesis that MAS receptors mediate the effects elicited by AT1 antagonists was provided by Iwai et al. (2012). The authors found that AT1 receptors triggers neointima formation after polyethylene-cuff placement around mouse femoral artery by reducing local ACE

• fk506 The functional significance of the cap residues

  2025-02-28

  

  The functional significance of the cap residues with regard to the established role of PfA-M1 in hemoglobin catabolism in the food vacuole is a key question that is difficult to address with in vitro studies. We note that three of the dipeptide substrates used in our study are found in the sequences

• MAPs require divalent transition metal ions as cofactors for

  2025-02-28

  

  MAPs require divalent transition metal ions as cofactors for activity [21]. Previous studies on MAPs from different organisms indicate cobalt ions to be the most preferred divalent metal activator [22]. However, MAPs also exhibit activity with other divalent cations like Mn(II), Ca(II), Ni(II) or Fe

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgement This study was supported by

  2025-02-28

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgement This study was supported by NIH/NINDSR01 NS036812-16. Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a heterogeneous family of enzymes that catalyze the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). By oxidizing free PUFAs, they were shown to contribute to the gene

• Various compounds have been designed to inhibit aldose

  2025-02-28

  

  Various compounds have been designed to inhibit aldose reductase (AR) [12]. These compounds can be classified into two main categories, the first category comprises those containing a carboxylic Rottlerin moiety, for example, 3-thiazolidineacetic acid derivative, which has been reported to be a pot

• br Preliminary remarks Expression of

  2025-02-28

  

  Preliminary remarks Expression of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the AHR-repressor (AHRR) are both strikingly high in the Amiloride HCl of barrier organs skin and gut [1,2]. It is generally assumed that this reflects their role in linking environmental factors to an

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from t

  2025-02-27

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT_14R28), the National Basic Research Program of China (973) (Grant No.: 2013CB733602), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of C

• GLP-2 (rat) br Conclusions The present data

  2025-02-27

  

  Conclusions The present data suggest that homeostatic balance of the cortical/hippocampal adenosinergic tone is necessary for normal working memory function and any deviation appears to impair performance – either as a consequence of A2AR under-activation when adenosine levels are reduced or due

• Sperm total motility and hyperactivated motility are mediate

  2025-02-27

  

  Sperm total motility and hyperactivated motility are mediated by PLD-dependent Micafungin polymerization [20]. Reduction of PIP2 synthesis inhibited actin polymerization and motility, and increasing PIP2 synthesis enhanced these activities. Furthermore, sperm demonstrating low motility contained lo

• The present in vitro pharmacological experiments revealed th

  2025-02-27

  

  The present in vitro pharmacological experiments revealed that the cholinergic up-regulation of VEGF expression in neurons and astrocytes was mainly mediated by nicotinic AChR and muscarinic AChR, respectively. In addition, neuronal VEGF expression was elevated by endogenous ACh in a manner that was

• Indanone and its analogues are useful intermediates for the

  2025-02-27

  

  1-Indanone and its analogues are useful intermediates for the synthesis of compounds some of which have applications as pharmaceuticals, especially as analgesic and antihypertensive as well as tobacco flavoring agents. Indanones are commonly used as starting agent for the synthesis of ninhydrin whic

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